Essay plan ( management employee relation ) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plan ( management employee relation ) - Essay Example One instrument of improving employee-management relations is by using employee empowerment method. By empowering you mean that you delegate more authority to them and give more power to subordinate. This way they can come up with new ideas and cost cutting methods and firms might not only cut costs but it might also benefit from good relationship with employees. 2. According to a book written by John Gennard on employee relations, employee-management relationship suffers because of different aims of both management and employees. For example, management wants higher profits which includes lowering costs and could lead to downsizing and loss of job for labor. On the other hand, labor wants the security of their jobs and higher wages. The book further states that during recession these aims become more conflicting and the need to maintain cordial relations become more vital. The book recommends that this relationship could be improved by bilateral negotiation between management and labor union and by joint consultation by the both parties before decision making. For example, in recession due to slump in demand your organization cannot pay high labor costs and firing is inevitable. But this can be avoided if management decides to involve labor union in the decision making process.

Egg Cell Essay Example for Free

Egg Cell Essay The egg cell is the female gamete used for sexual reproduction. The egg cell is responsible for providing half of the genetic material required for reproduction. When the egg cell joins with the sperm cell. The egg cell is large and bulky structure which allows the sperm cell to get in easily. WHAT ORGANELLES DOES AN EGG CELL HAVE AND THEIR FUNCTION? Mitochondria: Produces energy for the cell by a process called cell respiration. Cytoplasm: All organelles inside the cell are suspended in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is mostly water which allows the organelle to move around. It fills the interior of the cell. Vacuole: Are storage bubbles they store food, nutrients and waste. They also maintain internal fluid pressure within the cell. Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes and break down nutrients, they digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Rough ER: Are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins. Smooth ER: Acts as a storage organelle and is important in the creation of steroids and the storage of steroids and ion Ribosome: where proteins are made. Golgi Bodies: The main function is to package and process proteins and sends it to other parts. They also make and secret mucus. Chromosomes: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and contains genes. Nucleous: is where ribosomes are made. They disappear from the egg cell during reproduction. Haploid Nucleus: This nucleus contains only half of the normal somatic number of chromosomes. Zona Pellucida: Also known as viteline membrane it protects the ooccytes, eggs and embryos. Supports the cell and controls entry into and out of cell. The cell membrane allows the sperm cell in. Follicular Cells: Provides nutrients to the developing ovum for growth and maturation. WHAT MAKES THE EGG CELL SPECIAL? The egg cell has no centrioles. The egg cell has a lot of mitochondria because It has a haploid nucleuses because when the egg cell joins.. It has a zona pellucid which act as a cell membrane for the egg cell. It also has follicular cells. PICRTURES USED TO BUILD THE CELL MODEL: PICRTURES USED TO BUILD THE CELL MODEL. WHAT MAKES IT SPECIAL? ABOUT THE EGG CELL: The egg cell is present in both animals and plants. In plants it is called the gametophyte and in animals it is called the ovum. This project is about the animal egg cell (or ovum). This cell is a gamete cell which means it is responsible for reproduction. It is also a haploid cell which means it has a single set of unpaired chromosomes. The egg cell is the largest size cell in a human body and it is visible to the naked eye. The egg cell has a large amount of cytoplasm. The egg cell life span is short. WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE? The egg cell has a very round shape and is the largest cell of living organism. The egg cell is bulky and solid.

A Review Of Lord Lamings Recomendations Social Work Essay

A Review Of Lord Lamings Recomendations Social Work Essay On 25th February 2000 at 3.15pm, Victoria Climbie was declared dead. A post-mortem examination carried out by Dr. Nathaniel Carey concluded she had died of hypothermia caused by malnourishment as a result of a damp environment and restricted movement. Lord Laming was approached by the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretary of State for the Home Department to carry out three statutory inquiries following Victorias death. The combination of these inquiries resulted in the Victoria Climbie Inquiry. In this report, he found the communication between Local Authorities, Police and Social Workers to be lacking. As a result, he made a series of recommendations and the order in which they would be implemented. By creating a hierarchy, (fig1), each Body or Committee had a specific function or role. Lord Laming determined that in the event of a serious case, an established and clear chain of command would ensure accountability and or support at the highest level. In this case, the buck would stop at the recommended ministerial Children and Families Board established with the Prime Ministers support. These main bodies and their subsidiaries would also be responsible for scrutinizing and implementing new legislation; and reporting back in the order laid out. The main focus of these recommendations was prevention rather than cure; by identifying children at risk at the earliest opportunity and ultimately ensuring their safety. This would be done by:- Simplifying the existing Working Together and the National Assessment Framework documents into one document that could be readily understood across the board. Getting rid of bureaucracy so that it became easier to identify who was responsible for what more easily. Improving the lines of communication and sharing of information. Retraining of frontline staff. Clarifying the common law rules on confidentiality. Social Care Recommendations: Following his inquiry, Lord Laming recommended a complete restructure on how a vulnerable childs case would be handled from its initiation to its completion. He recognized in order to protect the children; better standards and clear guidelines would have to be established for everyone concerned to follow. Some of his key suggestions called for:- Procedures on how to carry out an initial report: He concluded where English was not the childs first language, and interpreter would be made available. Training: Experienced staff with appropriate training would be assigned to the children and their families. Recording of data: Once a child has been identified as being vulnerable, all data regarding this child not limiting doctors reports; must be collated, recorded and shared with the proper authorities immediately. Accountability: Directors, Managers and Team leaders must establish a system that records:- Who made the authorities first aware of the childs predicament, who is dealing with the case, when the case was assigned, who referred the case to another agency or local authority and the actions being taken throughout the duration of the case. It is the duty of the Manager to ensure that every social worker is clear on what role they are expected to play in any particular case, and they understood what was expected of them. It would also be made clear that their actions would come under supervision and reviewed periodically. This would ensure everyone concerned was on the same page. Referrals: Each agency would have to cooperate with each other when sharing their information. If more than one agency was involved in a childs case, the initial agency should be responsible for informing the latter agency all the particulars of the case in writing. Legal Advice: In the event where emergency measures had to be taken, Lord Laming recommended that legal advice had to be taken within a 24 hour period. This would ensue that all aspects of the law were being complied with. Health Recommendations: Between the health, police and social services, it emerged that there were many missed opportunities which had they been spotted, could have saved Victorias life. As a result, Lord Laming suggested a complete revamp in the way cases were recorded from the ground up. Most notably, he recommended that:- Where a case of child abuse is suspected, a nursing care plan must be drawn up incorporating a full doctors report. Once a child has been identified as vulnerable, the examining doctor must decide whether to interrogate the child directly without the consent of his primary carers or get the childs history from his primary carers. The doctor must then note down his actions and or decisions taken in writing. Conclusion The Philosopher George Santayana (1905) once said those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it. This unfortunately, appeared to be the case when Lord Laming was once again commissioned to write another report following the death of Baby Peter  [2]  . In this report he was asked to identify the barriers that prevented the safeguarding of children following his first inquiry. What has become increasingly clear is that despite the initial inquiry, it appears no real lessons have been learnt. On June 7th 2010, Channel 4  [3]  screened an undercover documentary on the life of a typical social worker. Among the concerns that old and newly qualified social workers expressed; a lack of communication between authorities and the bureaucracy that ensued stood out. Although one could argue the sample used in that particular documentary could not possibly reflect the UK as a whole; it is still a worrying and real concern that needs to be nationally addressed to safeguard these vulnerable children. TAQ 2: (ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.2) WHAT DOES A CHILDRENS TRUST DO? DESCRIBE THEIR ESSENTIAL FEATURES AND PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS. The Childrens Plan was set up by the Government to ensure every child regardless of age, sex, religion, economic background; could lead a safe, happy and healthy life. This is in turn would make it possible for these children to turn into well adjusted adults, capable of making positive contributions in their communities. In order to make this plan work, The Childrens Trust, made up of local partnerships, was given the responsibility to see out this vision and make it a reality. The role of the Childrens Trust One of their primary roles is to bring together local organisations that deal with the services of children, young adults and families together; to continually improve services rendered or deal with problems affecting these groups of people. Together with primary care trusts, police authorities, youth offending teams, health authorities, schools, local probation boards and youth offending teams; the Childrens Trust bring these organisations together and require them to join The Trust bound by a legal duty of care. Essential Features The Childrens Trust:- Identifies children at risk with an aim to prevent any harm by intervening at the earliest stage possible. Try to reduce child poverty Actively engage with their target groups by listening to their views on what affects them in their day to day lives in order to provide services that would make a real difference to these children. Ensure proper plans are laid out to provide effective services to their target groups. This includes total accountability in services provided and public spending. Making sure every child has a well rounded education which will enable have them to be on a more or less on equal footing with wealthy children when they finally join the job market. Tries to break the barriers that prevent children from sharing and using information. The Childrens Trust also ensures that proper communication and sharing of information exists between all Local Authorities dealing with children. Partnership Agreements The following organisations work closely together with the Childrens Trust to achieve the welfare of children, young adults and families. It should be noted they have a legal duty of care when providing their respective services and as a whole, as members of the Childrens Trust, work together for the overall well being of their target groups. Primary Care Trusts (PCT): PCT together with Local Authorities and other agencies that provide health and social care locally, ensure the needs of the community are met as a whole. Local Safeguarding Childrens Trusts: In order to promote the safety and well being of children, young adults and families, they work together with local authorities that deal with crime and disorder, Youth Offending Teams and schools to reduce crime and risk the rate of reoffending. They teach consequences at an early age in order to prevent, as much as possible, antisocial behaviour. Education: Schools, families and local authorities work together to achieve high educational standards and promote extracurricular activities to unlock talents in children. By working together, they try to ensure a child will enter into adulthood as a well adjusted and productive member of society. Local Area Agreement (LAA). The Childrens Trust works closely with the public, private and voluntary sectors to ensure their overall vision is met. TAQ3: (ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3.1, 3.2) DEFINE THE TERM CHILDREN IN NEED IN A SOCIAL WORK CONTEXT LIST THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT AND GIVE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION Any child who needs extra care or attention from local authorities because:- they cannot achieve a reasonable standard of health, are significantly impaired, are disabled and are at risk from the people who surround or care for them are classified as Children in Need. The Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004 require that Local Authorities who provide services for children and young people (under 18 years old) to: Identify those who are unable to reasonably attain or maintain health and or development without the provision of services by local authorities Provide health services to those who are like to suffer further or future complication without the provision of services by the local authorities Provide services for disable children (Children Act 1989, section 17). Different Types of Child Abuse and Neglect Child abuse can manifest itself in many forms. Some forms of abuse are easier to spot than others and anybody working with children must be trained to spot and intervene at the earliest opportunity. Commons examples of child abuse include:- Physical abuse: This where a child is physically harmed by those in charge of his primary care (parents or guardians) or anybody who comes into contact with the child. This includes things like beating a child, pushing him/her into objects that can cause physical harm or restricting their movements so they cannot seek safety. Any deliberate action that leaves bruises, internal injuries, breaks, cuts and or scars is considered physical abuse. Sexual Abuse: Any form of sexual activity for example incest, rape, paedophilia; with a child is considered sexual abuse. Mental abuse: This covers a broad spectrum. Some of the major causes of mental abuse include:- Environment: Children who have alcoholic, violent and or drug addicted parents/guardians; or are exposed to such people in their communities, may suffer mentally as a result. The childrens future poor choices could be in part, as a result of the environment then grew up in. Unsupportive Families: Families who fail to support the children, by either encouraging them to do well or teaching them good values; constantly degrading or putting down their children; ignoring their children needs and wants; are in fact mentally abusing these children TAQ4: (ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3.3) OUTLINE THE STEPS INVOLVED IN THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT. PLEASE NOTE IF YOU HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING ALL LINKS YOU WILL HAVE INFORMATION ON THIS When a child in need has been identified or referred to the Local Authority, an initial assessment to determine what that need is, what kind of services will be required to help the child and most importantly if the child is safe in his or her current situation; is carried out. The steps involved in carrying out such an assessment are:- The initial assessment should be completed with a maximum period of 7 working days from the date of the first referral. The needs of the child in need should be identified The safety, health and well being of the child should be safeguarded from harm. Information from the childs primary carers (parents or guardians), the extended family, all Local Authorities who had contact with the child (in relation to the case however remote), and any records held about the child (both current and old); should be collated and recorded to form part of the initial assessment. Using the Children Act 1989 section 17 as a guideline:- define if the child is in need If there is sufficient or supporting evidence or likelihood the child is suffering or will suffer. The focus of the initial assessment should solely focus on the welfare of the child, therefore, any analysis and recommendations should be made clear with no room for ambiguity. TAQ5: (ASSESSMENT CRETRIA 2.2) FIND OUT WHAT THE NORFOLK PROTOCOL GUIDELNES ARE AND DESCRIBE IN YOUR OWN WORDS USING PARAGRAPHS AT LEAST 10 ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO THE PROTOCOL The Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) exist to protect and promote the welfare of children and young adults. The LSCBs replaced the Area Child Protection Committees which were concerned with child protection as opposed to safeguarding a child. The Protocol therefore provide guidelines which Local Authorities and families can work together to provide better support for children and young adults. Some of the activities undertaken in accordance with the Norfolk Protocol are:- Help or support for disabled parents to look after their children in all aspects of the childs life: Parents who suffer from physical or learning disabilities require different forms of help when looking after their children. They may not be physically able to feed, dress or a carry their child and need to be supported in this. A learning disability may also affect a parents inability to assess correctly the needs of a child on a day to day basis. Local Authorities in accordance to the Protocol make an initial assessment of the household and help accordingly. Safeguarding children from violence and neglect: Children who come from backgrounds where violence exists, are at risk of becoming victims of their circumstances or growing up and becoming violent themselves. In order to safeguard against this, the LSCB identify such risks and take steps to remove the child from such environments and place them in a safe and stable place. Safeguard the children and young adults when accessing services or activities in the community: Any cultural or recreational activities aimed at children should make sure the children benefit from these activities in a safe manner. The custodians in charge of the activities should have an Enhanced Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) check. They should also be properly trained to make sure the children carry out their activities as safely as possible. Safeguard the children and young adults from discrimination or attacks from people because of their race, religion or physical ability: This means wherever a child is being targeted because of their individuality or has a physical or learning disability, the LSCB should step in and either; educate and or prosecute individuals or groups causing harm to the children. Safeguard children from sexual predators: Those who have been identified and prosecuted as sex offenders; should go on the Sex Offenders Register and banned from having working with children. The LSCB work closely together with other Local Authorities and help identify children at risk in such situations and remove them from harm or potential harm. Missing Children: The LSCB recognize children go missing from their home or foster placement for a variety of reasons. By sensitively approaching this issue, the LSCB work together with families, to find out the circumstances relating to the childs disappearance and if found, what can be done to prevent such an occurrence. Once a child goes missing, relevant authorities pool together to make sure the child comes home safely. They may try to reach out to the child using the media or putting up posters with information on how the child can contact the authorities safely. Shared information: This is perhaps the greatest tool at the LSCBs disposal in their work to safeguard children. There are many Local Authorities and voluntary organisations who deal with the well being of children and a lot of information is inevitably located in different locations. By setting up an electronic database, different organisations are able to not only have access to this information, but also are able to update and add vital details pertaining to the child in need. Anybody who has access, or adds to such information, should be held accountable in accordance to the procedures of their respective organisations. Safeguarding the children from bullying: By adopting a zero tolerance policy against bullying (in schools or the community), the LSCB also educates children and adults alike, how to recognize and prevent bullying. A legal duty of care to children and young adults who: have been given custodial sentences, are placed in children homes, or in training centres. They must make sure these children are safeguarded while they in such institutions, from themselves or indeed others. They must identify signs of suicide, self harming, mental health problems, continued drug use etc, and prevent, teach or curb such behaviour while the children or young adults are in their care. Unauthorised Encampments: In a bid to tackle the growing problem of illegal camping by Travellers, the Norfolk Protocol for Unauthorised Encampments was adopted in January 2003. The aim of this liaison was to form a workable plan that was acceptable to both Travellers and the communities they occupy. By cooperating with the Local Authorities, the Travellers would not only have a forum to air their grievances, but also could raise their public profile. TAQ6: (ASSESSMENT CRETRIA 4.1, 4.2) DEFINE WHAT IS MEANT BY ADOPTION AND FOSTERING IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROVISION AVAILABLE FOR LOOKED AFTER CHILDREN. Adoption is a process where a child is provided for with a new family and whom for a variety of reasons, cannot be raised by their own biological parents. There is a legal process that needs to be followed where the new parents have to take all parental responsibility to the adopted child as they would their own biological child if they have any. Fostering on the hand usually refers to a temporary arrangement made to accommodate a child who is waiting to be adopted. The primary caregiver (in this case it could be a foster parent or a foster home) assumes responsibility for the child together with a local authority and where applicable, the childs biological parents. Identify and Evaluate Different Type of Provisions Available for Looked After Children Educational Provisions: Children in need who are experiencing hardships in their education in addition to any existing difficulties have to be especially cared for. In order to properly assess the childs individual needs, Local Authorities in partnerships with others, have to carry out assessments to determine what is best for the child. The growing needs of the child are also taken into account. This is necessary because as the child gets older, the authorities concerned will need to have their initial assessments reviewed to reflect the current status of the child. By correctly assessing and meeting a childs educational needs, it is likely the child will not stand out in mainstream society or be a target for negative actions. Fostering Provisions: The Children Act 1989 sec 22G requires Local authorities to make sure that those entrusted with caring for children meet the standards set and have passed all the checks required. This is important as it minimizes risks as much as possible with a view to ultimately ensuring the childs safety in care. Contact Provisions: Children who are placed in temporary care may have access to their biological parents depending on the nature of their placement. In order to safeguard the interest of these vulnerable children, parents sometimes have to agree to supervised visits. As much as this may be seen as an intrusion by the biological families, it is necessary to have a social worker for example; to be visibly present to prevent further harm to the child, or help build relations between child and his/her family. Changes in the law have also being reviewed to further facilitate this process. In April 1st 2010, the new Government passed a law saying that the participants incomes would not be a factor to contact activity TAQ 7: (ASSESSEMENT CREITERION 4.3) USING VALID AND RELIABLE SOURCES INVESTIGATE AND DISCSS THE ISSUES SUROUNDING HARD TO PLACE CHILDREN AND SUGGEST A POSSIBLE INERGRATED SERVICE PROVISION CARE PLAN. A child is considered hard to place when it becomes difficult for him/her to be permanently adopted by a family. The reasons vary from child to child but the most common reasons are:- Physical (prospective parents find the child is too old) Mental Problems Emotional or social problems Physical disabilities More often than not, prospective adoptive parents already have this image of a perfect little child and may not be ready to accept a child who has some difficulties. This is usually the hardest barrier when placing children. If a child is lucky enough to be adopted, but displays some challenging behaviour during the trial period, the adoptive parents have the right to return the child if they feel they cannot cope. This sadly creates more problems to the child or may have already started life feeling rejected. The term hard to place is not only restricted to children in foster care. The same can be applied to children who cannot find it hard to stay in school because of the type of behaviour they display. In order to increase the odds of have these children successfully placed in a family or an educational facility, a good care plan is essential to make this happen. Where possible, a successful care plan needs to have the input of the parents, extended family or previous schools. Monck (Monck and others 2003 p42) explores this further when he defined a plan of what to do in the interim, where there was an expectation the child would be returned to his birth parents or permanent guardians after a complete investigation. He defined Concurrent planning as the capacity of the birth parents or wider birth family to parent the child is investigated. At the same time the child is placed with foster carers who, if the birth family cannot parent, become the adopters. In his definition, when a child could not be returned to his natural parents, he made a provision on what would finally happen to that child. The following components constitute a good care plan. Specific: All care plans for hard to place children, need to be as individual as the child itself. The problems surrounding the child may have a generalised description, but the effects to the child itself have to be tailored to fit the child. Child A could be said to be angry and displays this anger by hitting other children. The same could be said of any child because children tend to lash out as they are yet to learn tools of how to deal with their emotions. The care plan would then have to delve into the root cause of the childs anger before making provision or recommendation on how to best help the child. Measurable: It is counterproductive to have the child receive the same type of help when no noticeable improvement can be recorded. Instead, if after an acceptable period of time the child continues to exhibit the same type of challenging behaviour, a new therapy or establishment should be tried. In order to avoid duplication of treatments, Local Authorities have to communicate and work together in a bid to help the child. Relevant: The care plan should fit the child needs as he or she is now. This means if an assessment was carried when the child was 4 years old, another has to be carried as he/she continues to get older. Factors such as puberty need to be taken into account as they could increase or amplify the behavioural problems exhibited by the child. Focused: The care plan would have to have direction. Needless time wasting therapies, assessments or treatments can be avoided simply by having a focussed care plan. This is where the real decisions are made concerning the child in question even though these decisions have to be revised periodically. The same could be said when there are no more resources available at that present time to cater to the child. The only thing that can be done in such cases is to keep the child safe, healthy and as happy as possible. TAQ8 (ASSESSEMENT CRETERION 1.1) USING THE TIMELINE AS A BASIS FOR YOUR WORK, DEVELOP IT FURTHER TO FULL OUTLINE THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES WITHIN THE UK TO ENSURE THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN. 2006 The Children and Adoption Act 2006 made provisions for people who worked or had contact with children mainly in a professional capacity or for families who posed a risk to children. The aim of this act was to minimize potential risks to children. 2007 The UK Borders Act 2007 (code of practice on children) defines how children should be treated when making sure they comply with the UK immigration laws. It states for example, any child under 16 years old should have an adult present before fingerprints can be taken. 2008 The Children and Young Persons Act 2008 Chapter 23 defines the way in which social work services are delivered to children and young person. Part 1 Sections 1-10 detail what is expected from any organisation/Local Authority delivering these types of services. Part 2 deals with the Functions in Relation to Children and Young Persons. This includes dealing with issues to do with the childrens well-being, accommodation, independent reviewing officers, visitation, education and training, finance, care breaks, enforcement of care standards, emergency protection orders and information and research. Part 3 of this act defines what is required for adopting and fostering services. Part 4 elaborates more on the Orders under Part 2 of the 1989 Act. This simply details what criteria each organisation or Local Authority should meet before and after a child is placed in care. Part 5 deals with the minor and supplementary amendments to the 1989 Act. 2009 The Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 (c 22) provides a framework for which 16-18 year olds could qualify for an apprenticeship. Its aim is to ensure that children in schools receive full information about apprenticeships and vocational training opportunities. 2010 The Children, Schools and Families Act 2010 (c 26) deals with the provision that should made for children with special educational needs. Part 1 of this act details how educational facilities have to be inspected to meet the Governments criteria for this group of children. TAQ 9 THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL WORKER AND OF THE COURTS IN IMPLEMENTING THE PROVISIONS OF RELEVANT RECENT LEGISLATION IS VITAL IF CHILDREN ARE TO BE ADEQUATELY PROTECTED WITHIN THE UK. DISCUSS The role of the social worker has never been more challenging at an age where horrific cases of child abuse have become commonplace. These stories no longer make headlines in the media and more worryingly, are the cases that do not make the front pages which are equally as ghastly. The social worker is also faced with a lot of opposition in the work place from uncooperative parents/guardians who openly scorn them and think they want to destroy their family unit or tell them how to run their lives. The courts on the other hand are overwhelmed with the sheer number of child abuse cases they have to deal with. By the end of 2009 alone, 51,488 sex offences against children were recorded by the Home Office. Both the social workers and the court system are often under immense pressure to resolve these cases quickly because time is usually of the essence to ensure the safety of the child. In addition, a host of red tape and bureaucracy cause the wheels of justice to run slowly, which often result in many delays which could put the child in further danger. One of the most important measures that has been put in place; largely because of the case of Victoria Climbe, was a clear line of communication and accountability for all the authorities/agencies who deal with children in need. Lord Lemming clearly identified that a lack of communication and ultimately accountability between different agencies could have contributed to the death of Victoria Climbe, once she was initially identified as a child in need. However, lessons were not learnt as in the case of Baby Peter; which resulted in further recommendations by Lord Laming. This was what resulted in the Children Act 2004. It is worth noting that the Children Act 1989 is still upheld and the 2004 Act does not supplant it. The social workers on the other hand were under pressure and overwhelmed by the number of caseloads they had to mine through and some of these workers felt their perspectives had changed from safeguardi ng children to meeting targets. In order to fully appreciate and understand the roles both the social worker and the courts play in implementing the provisions of legislation for the childs protection, it is important to first define who is considered a child in need. Councils in the UK have several indicators which they use to identify and prioritize help for a child in need (CIN). These are based on several factors surrounding the childs life such as disability, domestic violence, alcohol and drug abuse, homelessness, sex abuse to mention a few. Regardless of how each council operates, they are all governed by the Childrens Act of 1989 and 2004. Using these Acts as a template, a child in need can be loosely defined as anybody under the age of 18 years, who requires some form of intervention, to safeguard them from external factors that prevent them from enjoying a healthy and well-adjusted life. As a result, the Government in conjunction with Ofsted, Her Majestys Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate, Her Majest ys Inspectorate of Probation, Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons, Her Majestys Inspectorate of Court Administration, Her Majestys Inspectorate of Constabulary and the Care Quality Commission; form a Safeguarding Review to update their policies on safeguarding children which occurs every three years. These reviews aim to streamline how local authorities identify and deal with children in n

power of words :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Power of Words Silvana Paternostro describes the difficult life of women in Cuba. For an audience of mostly women, her emotional tone and simplistic style lets the reader get a feel of what these poor young women are going through in the October 2002 issue of Glamour Magazine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paternostro explains the hardships that these women endure though out their lives. The only way to make a descent living in the country is to become a cabaret dancer or prostitution. She writes of their only two options with such emotion. The reader can truly feel their struggle. When the reader sees their pay (fifteen dollars) a month, it showers them with disbelief. One truly cannot fathom this idea. She speaks of the emotional break downs and discouragement. Directors that pinch their fat, make them feel un-pretty and lower their self esteem as well as shatter their dreams when their told they are not good enough. The authors detailed description   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paternostros’ emotional tone makes well with women readers. It is something that women can relate to more readily. Through out the article, the author throws out descriptive terms that play emotionally on women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, Paternostro speaks about cabaret dancers being the only means of making money. Unless of course, they would rather sell their bodies. When she says â€Å"money making option,† this means fifteen American dollars a month. To truly think that this is what can be spent in seconds here and only lasts a month there- is astonishing. It really makes the reader realize how blessed they are. Although things can be tough, it can always be worse. She also makes the reader realize other things that are taken for granted. For example, here in America, people change careers and start their lives over at the age of fifty. This is clearly not an option in Cuba. Through the use of descriptive sentences the author gives a detailed description of the qualifications to become a dancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paternostro states â€Å"to qualify as a dancer, girls must be younger than twenty one and at least 5’4’’, to be a dancing model, she must be at least 5’8’’. They must posses grace, beauty and rhythm musically.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clearly this is a detailed description of the attributes dancers must possess. It also tells of the young age girls must be to qualify. At such a young age, the dreams and hopes of these girls can be shattered in the blink of the eye.

Nine Learning Experiences Ages 3-5 Essay

To advance physical and intellectual competence I provide numerous activities to enhance these qualities in the children that I teach. In the area of physical, my goal is to make sure the students are given many possibilities to participate in large motor activities daily. I make this fun by joining them while they are playing. I encourage them to do activities that encourage running and jumping. We play tag, hide and seek, and their favorite game â€Å"Mr. Fox what time is it†. When the weather does not permit us to go outside we have free play inside the gymnasium. We are able to use tricycles, play basketball, and build using pipes and blocks. We also do a unit on how to keep our bodies healthy. This is where we get the parents involved so they can learn what they can do at home with their children. We send home a chart that gives them opportunities to be physically active and they turn this chart in at the end of the unit. Then as a class we discuss what we did with our families. To promote intellectual activities I provide numerous materials that they can use and I rotate them occasionally so they are not bored with it. For example, in our art center the children are exposed to many different types of materials. They have various types of paper and paints as well as recycled material that they can use to sculpt their own art. Our class is also exposed to music of many different cultures. We play music throughout the day and one day a week we have a music class outside of our classroom. As a preschool teacher I keep up with what is new and promote these findings during our learning experiences. I provide many avenues for children to find who they are and respect who others are.

Introduction to Sociology Essay

Essay Questions 1. Develop the differences among the three theoretical approaches by applying each to the family. In each case, how do we understand a family and its operation? 2.Imagine that you were asked by another student, â€Å"What would be the benefits of taking a course in sociology?† Explain how and why sociology can transform the way someone sees the world. 3. The sociological perspective helps us recognize that the lives of individuals are shaped by the forces of society. Explain, in a short essay, how the sociological perspective reveals â€Å"the general in the particular.† To illustrate, explain how society plays a part in your own decision to attend college. 4. Outline the ten steps in the process of carrying out sociological investigation. You may use the format presented in the text; that is, what specific questions must be answered as a researcher moves along? 5. How and why is gender important in research? What are some of the problems in research that involve gender? How about race and ethnicity? Why might a researcher need to take race and ethnicity into account when planning research with a specific category of people? 6. How does ideal culture differ from real culture? Illustrate your essay using three examples of how ideal and real culture differ in Saudi society. 7. Drawing on the ideas of Lenski, Marx, Weber, and Durkheim, cite ways in which one might claim modern society is better than societies in the past. In what ways might any of these thinkers see modern society as getting worse? 8. What would Marx propose as a solution to the problem of alienation? What would Weber propose as a solution to the same problem as he understood it? What would Durkheim propose as a solution to the problem of anomie? Which of these three problems do you think is the most serious in today’s world? Why? How might you address these three issues? 9.Explain the nature-nurture debate. How did Sigmund Freud and George Herbert Mead take different position in this debate? 10.Based on everything you have read in this chapter, write an essay in which you state your own position on the degree to which human beings can claim to have freedom. Provide specific references to chapter material in your essay.

Wisdom of Whores

She then goes on to say hat â€Å"religious dogma crushes our efforts to translate good data into good HIVE prevention. † (Pl 88, Plans) In the book It goes on to say that power follows religion, and then money follows power and everyone follows money. To me I feel as If religion would be a good way to slow down the HIVE epidemic because, at a younger age if you're told about how sex and how it can cause HIVE which can cause death it would scare a lot of kids. If kids are learning about sex in a religious manner I feel as if adolescents would follow it more. If I was growing up with this I would be abstinent till marriage.George W. Bush thought the same way that the only way to avoid HIVE Is to teach our children to be abstinent. Yes Plans brings In the argument of sperm between women and men and how they need sex, but there's always ways around that like religion, and being taught to control that urge. She then goes on to say the increase of premarital sex and the decrease of prostitution would ultimately cut the risk of HIVE. She goes on to bring out an example of Thailand saying that they have taught us that with fewer men paying for sex from prostitutes lowers the risk for HIVE Infection. Also with that, there would be a larger condom use.I would have to disagree with this because if there was an Increase of premarital sex, it would just be a whole bunch of uneducated teenagers just going around having sex all the time. The only difference would be is that the men wouldn't have to be paying for this. She claims that condom use would be a lot higher, but if your increasing premarital sex, condoms defiantly would not be used and the HIVE epidemic would be still be around. Yes I agree that the numbers would go down, but I feel It wouldn't go down that much to make this a great development. The teenagers would have to be educated about HIVE and educated about safe sex.One of Aphasia's quotes had been â€Å"there's enough HIVE for everyone†, but in this little island of East Timer, there's actually wasn't enough HIVE for everyone. On this island there were many different HIVE organizations working on this island with not that many documented infected people. On this island there were only about seven people with HIVE. From Plane's conclusion she thought poverty, street children and joblessness does not make an HIVE epidemic In this society. Just because there wasn't enough prostitution or drug injection HIVE couldn't be high and all this money going onto this country about HIVE prevention wouldn't matter.In a society, I feel like poverty could cause HIVE because sooner or later people in the society will be selling there bodies for money. From what I understand, is that not everyone on this island is educated enough to get an HIVE test, because they are not educated about what HIVE Is. There should be different programs In this country to educate the people of east Limbo sot at n HIVE does not spread around Ana It stays ten s ame . Inure snout programs on safe sex using condoms, programs on not doing drugs and even prostitution.From reading this novel, the most interesting of points that caught my eye is the battle between how AIDS and HIVE is spread throughout the world. Is it spread through sex and drugs? Or is it spread over poverty and gender inequality? Pisa believes that sex and drugs is the main dilemma when it comes to the HIVE epidemic. Pisa brings up the point with Africa because 2/3 of the people infected in the world live in the countries around Africa. She brings out a good quote that caught my eye, â€Å"A schoolgirl in South Africa is thirteen times more likely to be infected with HIVE than a woman who sells sex for a living in China. Pl 24-125, Pisa) Ultimately, I would have to agree with Meads that poverty and gender inequality causes HIVE in poorer countries. In Africa, there is a humongous gap between the rich minority and the poor minority. With gender inequality, if men in a specifi c region are more literate then women HIVE will spread or of the population of a city is more males than women then HIVE will spread. Education is the biggest for me, where there is poverty, there are more uneducated people, and if those people don't know about safe sex, and diseases, then people will be infected.Where there is a society of poverty and uneducated people, both women and males will sell there bodies to make money and HIVE will be spread because unprotected sex would be taking place. On the other hand I do agree with Pisa but in another circumstance. I believe sex and drugs does cause HIVE and AIDS but only in high industrial countries like the United States or France. When the HIVE epidemic came into place in the United States, it was said that it was spread through party drugs and also sex with gay men. In a poorer country, like Africa poverty and gender inequality spreads aids because of the structural violence.